Pathophysiological Changes Discussion

Pathophysiological changes refer to functional changes associated with disease infection, inflammation, aging, disease condition, or injury, and changes can occur in any system of the body. Disease conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis are among the most common musculoskeletal system disorders. These progressive, degenerative conditions lead to pain, joint deformities, and limitations in mobility. Arthritis is a gradual breakdown of cartilage and underlying bone; osteoporosis is a gradual degeneration of bone. These pathophysiological changes in the musculoskeletal system lead to pain, swelling, and fracture. Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorder where we can see the pathophysiological changes such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is a condition in which blood glucose is more than 250mg/dl, Arterial pH <7.3, Serum bicarbonate <15mEq/l. Symptoms of DKA include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration, polyuria, and polydipsia. Severe DKA may lead to Kussmaul respiration hypotension, coma, and death. Sepsis is one of the common and serious disease conditions which affect multiple systems of the body. Symptoms are various based on stages including SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, changes in WBC count, increased platelets, changes in LOC, decrease in blood pressure are the symptoms of sepsis.

 

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