Philosophy Action and Events Question

Article is attached below. Answer the three questions throughly and make sure to completely answer it to make it look like you understood the questions. Write 4 sentences for each question showing you read the text.

Question:

1. Davidson argues that a person can have the reasons to do A, have those reasons causing A, while still not doing A for those reasons. In a proper reason explanation of action, the reasons have to cause the action in the right way. What example does Davidson use to illustrate the possibility that the reasons can cause the action in the wrong way?

2. Davidson says on p.238, “It is not esay to describe in convincing detail an experiment that would persuade us that the transitivity of the relation of heavier than had failed. Though the case is not as extreme, I do not think we can clearly say what should convince us that a man at a given time (without change of mind) preferred a to b, b to c, and c to a.” Just like the transitivity of weights are part of the instrument of measuring weights, the transitivity of preferences are part of the instrument for measuring desires. What sort of interpretation did Davidson do in his earlier-mentioned experiments (the experiments he did with Merrill Carlsmith, p.236-237) to eliminate apparent intransitivity of preferences?

3. What does Davidson mean when he says psychology is not a closed science (p.242)?