quiz analyze the major events schools of thought and cultural influences that have affected the development of psychology as a discipline and science

QUESTION 1

1. Which of the following derives from Jung’s psychology?

   	a.	Basic hostility.
   	b.	Life space.
   	c.	Inferiority complex.
   	d.	Extraversion-introversion.

5 points

QUESTION 2

1. A young woman applies to a college that she most wants to attend. Her application is rejected, after which the woman convinces herself that the college is not nearly as good as some of the others to which she has applied. This defense mechanism is known as:

   	a.	Rationalization.
   	b.	Projection.
   	c.	Repression.
   	d.	Displacement.

5 points

QUESTION 3

1. According to Freud, the most primitive part of the mind operates wholly at an unconscious level. It is the:

   	a.	Libido.
   	b.	Preconscious mind.
   	c.	Id.
   	d.	Superego.

5 points

QUESTION 4

1. In psychoanalysis, the job of the therapist is to overcome the patient’s repression. What two processes in therapy initially make that difficult?

   	a.	Projection and reaction formation.
   	b.	Denial and rationalization.
   	c.	Resistance and transference.
   	d.	Latent and manifest content.

5 points

QUESTION 5

1. John Watson’s famous address at Columbia University in 1913 argued that:

   	a.	Psychology had failed as a science.
   	b.	Psychology needed to shift its focus from consciousness to scientifically identifiable mental states.
   	c.	For psychology to succeed in solving the deepest of human questions, it needed to pay more attention to its philosophical roots.
   	d.	Introspection was a valid method only when introspectors were properly trained.

5 points

QUESTION 6

1. According to Carl Jung, archetypes are part of the:

   	a.	Life space.
   	b.	Personal unconscious.
   	c.	Collective unconscious.
   	d.	Subconscious.

5 points

QUESTION 7

1. The latent content of a dream:

   	a.	Is not accessible to the therapist because of defense mechanisms.
   	b.	Provides the dream’s real meaning.
   	c.	Is rarely the result of a wish fulfillment.
   	d.	Is typically less meaningful than the manifest content.

5 points

QUESTION 8

1. The development of the superego is largely the result of:

   	a.	Overcoming all id impulses.
   	b.	Successful resolution of the Oedipal complex.
   	c.	Mastery of sexual urges during the oral stage of psychosexual development.
   	d.	Learning to eliminate most sexual fantasies.

5 points

QUESTION 9

1. To access unconscious motives in his patients, Freud used the methods of dream analysis and:

   	a.	Projection.
   	b.	Free association.
   	c.	Wish fulfillment.
   	d.	Identification.

5 points

QUESTION 10

1. Breuer described a treatment method to Freud in which the release of pent-up emotions caused neurotic symptoms to disappear. This treatment method is called:

   	a.	Psychoanalysis.
   	b.	Catharsis.
   	c.	Transference.
   	d.	Psychotherapy.

5 points

QUESTION 11

1. Thorndike wrote that “Any act which in a given situation produces satisfaction becomes associated with that situation, so that when the situation recurs the act is more likely than before to recur as well.” This statement is known as:

   	a.	The principle of classical conditioning.
   	b.	The principle of satisfaction.
   	c.	The law of effect.
   	d.	The partial reinforcement effect.

5 points

QUESTION 12

1. Edward Tolman’s psychology could be described as:

   	a.	Radical behaviorism.
   	b.	Reinforcement-driven.
   	c.	Purposive behaviorism.
   	d.	Instrumental learning.

5 points

QUESTION 13

1. A number of Tolman’s maze studies of rats demonstrated that:

   	a.	Rats developed cognitive maps of their surroundings.
   	b.	Rats could not learn in the absence of reinforcers.
   	c.	Rats performed maximally only when rewards were available.
   	d.	Learning and performance were the same.

5 points

QUESTION 14

1. Of the research methods advocated by Watson, which one did he most prefer?

   	a.	Psychological testing.
   	b.	Method of limits.
   	c.	Classical conditioning.
   	d.	Introspection.

5 points

QUESTION 15

1. For Hull, the mechanism for reinforcement was:

   	a.	Habit strength.
   	b.	Latent learning.
   	c.	Animal satisfaction.
   	d.	Drive reduction.

5 points

QUESTION 16

1. Unlike classical (or Pavlovian) conditioning, Skinner’s operant conditioning was not concerned with the:

   	a.	Consequences of behavior.
   	b.	Reinforcing stimulus.
   	c.	Eliciting stimulus.
   	d.	Process of extinction.

5 points

QUESTION 17

1. Darwin’s theory of evolution made possible the field of:

   	a.	Comparative psychology.
   	b.	Animal behavior.
   	c.	Forensic psychology.
   	d.	Developmental psychology.

5 points

QUESTION 18

1. The principal method by which George Romanes studied animal behavior was called

   	a.	Introspection by analogy.
   	b.	Puzzle box problems.
   	c.	Reification.
   	d.	Naturalistic observation.

5 points

QUESTION 19

1. Although Watson published his influential article in 1913, it was not until the ________ that behaviorism began to dominate American psychology.

   	a.	1930s.
   	b.	1940s.
   	c.	1920s.
   	d.	1950s.

5 points

QUESTION 20

1. Clark Hull’s grand theory of behavior was established using what method?

   	a.	Cognitive maps.
   	b.	Classical conditioning.
   	c.	Logical positivism.
   	d.	Hypothetico-deductive method.

 

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